Atoms and molecules. STEM-oriented, reading literacy task
The test aims to develop reading skills. The test provides activities for solving practice-oriented tasks in educational situations. Keywords: atoms, molecules, protons, neutrons…
Задание 1
Match the parts.
Задание 2
Read the text. Put the steps of a comparator usage in the right order. There is a wide variety of methods for improving the quality of drinking-water. Disinfection is the process of destroying various organisms to prevent infection. There are a number of methods of disinfecting water, but chlorination is the most common. Chlorine takes time to kill organisms. At temperatures of 18OC and above, the chlorine should be in contact with the water for at least 30 minutes. If the water is colder then the contact time must be increased. The quickest and simplest method for testing for chlorine residual is the dpd (diethyl paraphenylene diamine) indicator test, using a comparator. Chlorine residual should be checked regularly. If the system is new or has been rehabilitated then check daily until you are sure that the chlorination process is working properly. After that, check at least once a week. (The stronger the colour, the higher the concentration of chlorine in the water.) (World Health Organisation, Geneva)
Задание 3
Match the questions and answers.
Задание 4
Range the statements properly.
Задание 5
Look at the picture. Read the explanation. Choose the right answer.
Задание 6
Match the parts and the definitions.
Задание 7
Read the text and choose the right option. Every substance consists of . They consist of a compact nucleus and electrons sitting on their electron shells at a large from the nucleus. The nucleus is a collection of and neutrons, tightly bound to each other through interaction. Nuclear interaction is very strong, much more stronger than electromagnetic interaction, which is responsible for chemical . To study strong interactions, physicists accelerate particles, such as protons, and push them against each other. If the energy of the particles is small, then they simply bounce elastically from each other without any change. If the energy is large enough, then new unstable particles are born in the collision of protons. Numerous experiments on the collision of particles at high energies led physicists to the idea that both protons and neutrons are not elementary, but consist of other, more fundamental particles—quarks. The family of hadrons—that is, particles composed of quarks—is very large: protons, neutrons, pi—mesons, K—mesons, etc. A separate quark is not a hadron. All of them, except the proton, are unstable, to other particles. For example, a neutron decays into a proton, an electron, and an antineutrino; K—meson decays into two pi—mesons, which further decay into muon and neutrino.
Задание 8
Decide if it is True, False, Not Stated. The electromagnetic interaction is less powerful than nuclear interaction between protons and neutrons.
Задание 9
Read the text and choose the right answers. The atomic mass of an element is based on the mass of the protons, neutrons, and electrons of the atoms of that element. The mass of the proton and neutron are about the same, but the mass of the electron is much smaller (about 1/2000 the mass of the proton or neutron). The majority of the atomic mass is contributed by the protons and neutrons. For any element in the periodic table, the number of electrons in an atom of that element always equals the number of protons in the nucleus. But this is not true for neutrons. Atoms of the same element can have different numbers of neutrons than protons. Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons are called isotopes of that element. The atomic mass in the periodic table is an average of the atomic mass of the isotopes of an element. For the atoms of the first 20 elements, the number of neutrons is either equal to or slightly greater than the number of protons.
Задание 10
You have read the article about elementary particles. Think it over and decide if it is True, False, Not Stated. Quarks are particles containing protons and neutrons.